Location and Geomorphology

This landscape occupies the largest portion of the watershed between the Olifants and Letaba Rivers. It is high lying (between 350 and 450 metres) and the underlying material consists mainly of granite and gneiss. Isolated plugs of syenite from the Phalaborwa Ignious Complex have penetrated into the granite to form koppies of which Masorini, Shishwani, Shikumbu, Shivulani and Vodogwa are the most outstanding. The area is situated on the upper course of a few spruits that drain into the Letaba and Olifants Rivers. Most important of these are the Tshutsi, Mulalane and Misumane which drain into the Olifants River and the Malopene, Ngwenyeni and Nwanedzi into the Letaba River. This undulating landscape occupies 396 km/2 or 2 percent of the KNP.

Climate

As a result of the higher altitude of this landscape the rainfall increases slightly. Letaba, to the east of this area has an annual rainfall of 462 mm, while Phalaborwa receives 481 mm per year. High temperatures are registered during the summer and frost is generally non-existent in the winter because of the relatively higher altitude.

Acacia exuvialis: found in Bottomlands
Acacia gerrardii: found in Bottomlands
Acacia nigrescens: found in Bottomlands
Acacia tortilis: found in Bottomlands
Bridelia mollis: found in Bottomlands
Cassia abbreviate: found in Bottomlands
Colophospermum mopane: found in Bottomlands
Combretum hereroense: found in Bottomlands
Euclea divinorum: found in Bottomlands
Grewia flavescens: found in Bottomlands
Lonchocarpus capassa: found in Bottomlands
Maerua parvifolia: found in Bottomlands
Securinega virosa: found in Bottomlands
Ximenia caffra: found in Bottomlands
Berchemia discolor: found in Koppies
Combretum apiculatum: found in Koppies
Commiphora mollis: found in Koppies
Croton gratissimus: found in Koppies
Ficus soldanella: found in Koppies
Homalium dentatum: found in Koppies
Kirkia acuminate: found in Koppies
Maerua angolensis: found in Koppies
Manilkara mochisia: found in Koppies
Sclerocarya caffra: found in Koppies
Steganotaenia araliacea: found in Koppies
Sterculia rogersii: found in Koppies
Acacia robusta: found in Riverine/Spruit
Albizia harveyi: found in Riverine/Spruit
Colophospermum mopane: found in Riverine/Spruit
Combretum hereroense: found in Riverine/Spruit
Combretum imberbe: found in Riverine/Spruit
Dalbergia melanoxylon: found in Riverine/Spruit
Diospyros mespiliformis: found in Riverine/Spruit
Euclea diviorum: found in Riverine/Spruit
Euclea natalensis: found in Riverine/Spruit
Lannea stuhlmannii: found in Riverine/Spruit
Lonchocarpus capassa: found in Riverine/Spruit
Schotia brachypetala: found in Riverine/Spruit
Ziziphus mucronata: found in Riverine/Spruit
Albizia harveyi: found in Uplands
Cissus cornifolia: found in Uplands
Colophospermum mopane: found in Uplands
Combretum apiculatum: found in Uplands
Combretum zeyheri: found in Uplands
Commiphora africana: found in Uplands
Dalbergia melanoxylon: found in Uplands
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. Africana: found in Uplands
Grewia bicolor: found in Uplands
Lannea stuhlmannii: found in Uplands
Ozoroa engleri: found in Uplands
Peltophorum africanum: found in Uplands
Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia: found in Uplands
Sclerocarya caffra: found in Uplands
Strychnos madagascariensis: found in Uplands
Tephrosia sericea: found in Uplands
Terminalia sericea: found in Uplands
Ziziphus mucronata: found in Uplands
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